What is civil litigation?
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Civil litigation is the legal process used to resolve non-criminal disputes between two or more parties through the court system. It typically involves one party (the plaintiff) filing a lawsuit against another party (the defendant) to seek compensation or another form of legal remedy for a wrong that has been done.
Common Examples of Civil Litigation:
Contract disputes (e.g., breach of contract)
Property disputes
Personal injury claims (e.g., car accidents, slip and fall)
Landlord-tenant issues
Employment disputes
Intellectual property disputes (e.g., copyright or trademark infringement)
Key Features:
Burden of Proof: Usually "preponderance of the evidence," which is a lower standard than in criminal cases.
Goal: Usually to obtain monetary compensation or require specific performance (not to punish the defendant with jail time).
Phases: Includes pleadings, discovery, pre-trial motions, trial, and possibly appeal.
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